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শুক্রবার, ২৯ মার্চ, ২০১৩
Researchers find novel way plants pass traits to next generation
Wednesday, March 27, 2013
New research explains how certain traits can pass down from one generation to the next ? at least in plants ? without following the accepted rules of genetics.
Scientists have shown that an enzyme in corn responsible for reading information from DNA can prompt unexpected changes in gene activity ? an example of epigenetics.
Epigenetics refers to modifications in the genome that don't directly affect DNA sequences. Though some evidence has suggested that epigenetic changes can bypass DNA's influence to carry on from one generation to the next, this is the first study to show that this epigenetic heritability can be subject to selective breeding.
Researchers bred 10 generations of corn and found that one particular gene's activity persisted from one generation to the next whether the enzyme was functioning or not ? meaning typical genetic behavior was not required for the gene's trait to come through.
And that, the scientists determined, was because the enzyme targets a tiny piece of DNA ? previously thought of as "junk DNA" ? that had jumped from one area of the genome to another, giving that little fragment power to unexpectedly turn on the gene.
The gene in question affects pigmentation in the corn plant. As a result of these experiments, the researchers were able to change yellow kernel corn to a blue kernel variety by compromising the activity of the enzyme in each male parent.
"This is the first example where somebody has been able to take an epigenetic source of variation and, through selective breeding, move it from an inactive state to an active state," said Jay Hollick, associate professor of molecular genetics at The Ohio State University and lead author of the study. "The gene changes its expression in an epigenetic fashion and it doesn't follow standard inheritance behaviors. Those two factors alone have pretty profound implications not only for breeding but also for evolution."
The study appears online in the journal The Plant Cell.
Plant breeders tend to expect to generate desired traits according to what is known as Mendelian principles of inheritance: Offspring receive one copy of genes from each parental plant, and the characteristics of the alleles, or alternative forms of genes, help predict which traits will show up in the next plant generation.
However, epigenetic variations that change the predictability of gene behavior have complicated those expectations.
"The breeding community searches for novel traits that will have commercial interest and they really don't care what the basis is as long as they can capture it and breed it. Epigenetic heritability throws a kink in the expectations, but our findings also provide an opportunity ? if they recognize the variation they're looking for is the result of epigenetics, they could use that to their advantage," said Hollick, also an investigator in Ohio State's centers for RNA Biology and Applied Plant Sciences.
"Just by knowing that this allele behaves in this epigenetic fashion, I can breed plants that either have full coloration or no coloration or anything in between, because I am manipulating epigenetic variation and not genetic variation. And color, of course, is only one trait that could be affected."
With a longtime specialization in the molecular basis for unexpected gene activity in plants, Hollick had zeroed in on an enzyme called RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV). Multiple types of RNA polymerases are responsible for setting gene expression in motion in all cells, and Pol IV is an enigmatic RNA polymerase that is known in plants to produce small RNA molecules.
Pol IV has puzzled scientists because despite its strong conservation in all plants, it appears to have no discernible impact on the development of Arabidopsis, a common model organism in plant biology. For example, when it is deleted from these plants, they show no signs of distress.
In corn, however, Hollick's lab had discovered previously that the absence of Pol IV creates clear problems in the plants, such as growing seeds in the tassel.
Hollick and colleagues observed that plants deficient in Pol IV also showed pigmentation in kernels of ears expected not to make any color at all ? meaning they were expected to be yellow.
"Since we knew the misplaced tassel-seed trait was due to misexpression of a gene, we hypothesized that this pigment trait might be due to a pigment regulator being expressed in a tissue where it normally is never expressed. Molecular analysis showed that that was in fact the case," Hollick said.
The researchers selected dark kernels and light kernels from multiple generations of plants and crossed the plants derived form these different kernel classes to create additional new generations of corn.
"We found that the ears developed from those plants had even more darkly colored kernels and fewer lightly colored kernels. We could segregate the extreme types and cross them together and get this continued intensification of the pigmentation over many generations," he said. "We generated more progeny that had increasing amounts of pigment. This is taking a gene that is genetically null, that doesn't have any function in this part of the plant, and turning it from a complete null to a completely dominant form that produces full coloration.
"Essentially we were breeding a novel trait, but not by selecting for any particular gene. We were just continually altering the epigenetic status of one of the two parental genomes every time."
This led the scientists to question why the affected alleles of the pigmentation gene would behave in this way. An investigation of the affected alleles revealed the nearby presence of a transposon, or transposable element: a tiny piece of DNA that has leapt from one area of the genome to another.
Because the sequence of some small RNA fragments that come from Pol IV's activity are identical to the sequence of these transposons, the finding made sense to the scientists.
"Now that we know that Pol IV is involved in regulating transposons, it's not surprising that genes that are near transposons are now regulated by Pol IV," Hollick said.
###
Ohio State University: http://researchnews.osu.edu
Thanks to Ohio State University for this article.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127473/Researchers_find_novel_way_plants_pass_traits_to_next_generation
বৃহস্পতিবার, ২৮ মার্চ, ২০১৩
Connor: Florida rich with baseball's history
Celebrating Grapefruit League's 125th anniversary with trip to Florida's most unique sites
Getty ImagesMembers of the St. Louis Cardinals run prior to a Grapefruit League game against the Mets at Tradition Field in Port St. Lucie, Fla.
By Joe Connor
updated 4:16 a.m. ET March 27, 2013
SARASOTA, Fla. - Painted largely in bright orange against a base-colored wall behind the seats in a concourse down the right-field line at Ed Smith Stadium, Major League Baseball spring training home of the Baltimore Orioles, you find an eye-catching mural featuring ?The Oriole Bird,? the teams? long-time mascot.
With two feather hands on the wheel and a lone palm tree in the rear, the colorful mascot is nestled comfortably in a slick, four-wheeled automobile ? with no top. An arrow from the caboose points directly to a map of the State of Florida, with a pennant highlighting all the nearby MLB teams? spring training sites under a large banner that beckons, ?Did Somebody Say Roadtrip??
This year marks the 125th anniversary of spring training in the Sunshine State, a tradition that started informally just 43 years after Florida officially became a state in the union, when, in 1888, the now-defunct Washington Capitals of the National League held a four-day camp in Jacksonville during which time they also got clobbered by the New York (now San Francisco) Giants, 10-2, thereby marking the first spring training game in the state. Catcher Connie Mack played on the Capitals, as did outfielder William ?Dummy? Hoy, notable for being deaf, which resulted in the creation of hand signals that are standard in baseball today.
As a recently completed 24-day road trip to all the current and former spring training sites throughout Grapefruit country revealed, Florida literally is a living history museum to the game of baseball. Arguably, no other geographic region in world has as much tradition in such a concentrated area, and it?s no surprise why. Of the 30 MLB teams, only six have never held spring training here, and five of those clubs are expansion franchises located in the west (Angels, Padres, Mariners, Rockies and Diamondbacks). In fact, the Brewers are the only MLB franchise based east of the Mississippi River never to train in Florida, but they also were originally known as the northwestern-most expansion Seattle Pilots. Put another way: every player inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame took to fields in Florida, with more than 40 cities across the Sunshine State having hosted MLB spring training at one point or another, from the big leaguers to their minor-league counterparts, over the past 125 years.
Baseball history oozes here as much as freshly squeezed orange juice and grapefruit. While 15 MLB and minor-league teams currently train in the state and encompass today?s Grapefruit League, more than a dozen former spring training sites ? several dating back to the early 1900s ? remain in use, appropriately by amateur teams comprised of the next generation of ballplayers, with four even listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Monuments, plaques and markers to the game dot Florida?s landscape, which currently also is home to several museums chronicling baseball and spring training history here, from the Ybor City Museum in Tampa to the Elliott Museum in Stuart to the Sports Immortals Museum in Boca Raton to the Florida Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in Auburndale and the Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame in St. Petersburg. And, coming in 2014, a permanent baseball exhibit to the St. Petersburg Museum of History, plus the Al Lopez Museum in Tampa to honor its first native Hall-of-Famer. What?s more, countless quaint historical societies abound statewide, from Jacksonville to Miami and Tampa to Sanford, with artifacts and memorabilia telling the story of Florida?s rich spring training history.
At Avon Park?s Depot Museum, there?s the 24-pound, 52-inch bat presented by its citizens to Babe Ruth in 1928. Behind the fence at the ballpark that hosted St. Louis? ?Gas House Gang? is a road named Ruth Street in honor of one of the Bambino?s monstrous homers upon visiting the Cards. The park is used today by the local high school.
Down the road in Sebring, a marking on the right-field fence of Fireman?s Field commemorates the first home run hit there ? by Lou Gehrig. Sebring?s ballpark is also used today by amateurs. Tucked nearly in a manila folder at the Orange County Regional History Center in downtown Orlando is an original letter from the Giants to Sanford?s Ben Cantwell in January 1928, noting his spring training reporting date and location, as well as contract for the season, a raise of $250.00 per month from the previous season in which he made $500.00 monthly. The letter informs the pitcher that Giants manager John McGraw "prefer that you not bring your wife? and ?be sure to have a bathrobe and slippers with you.? Oh, the stories this state can tell. In Jacksonville, Palatka and Daytona, the ballparks in each of these cities continue to stand the test of time ? and teach valuable history lessons, including about the era of segregation.
Florida towns like Bartow, Davenport, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Pierce, Gainesville, Hollywood, Jupiter, Key Biscayne, Kissimmee, Lake Buena Vista, Miami, Miami Beach, Ocala, Orlando, Palmetto, Pensacola, Pompano Beach, Port Charlotte, Port Saint Lucie, St. Augustine, Viera, West Palm Beach, Winter Garden and Winter Haven have hosted baseball?s greats during spring training, either years ago or currently. And even today, former MLB or minor-league spring training sites in Miami Beach, Ocala and Winter Haven are still being used in one form or another by amateur clubs. But they?re not in the top 20 of Florida?s baseball towns. Pack your sunglasses, sunscreen and let?s ride through Florida spring training history, from Jacksonville to Homestead, to uncover the 20 most historic and unique sites that still live on today. They?re symbols of pride, perseverance and tenacity ? living, breathing testaments to baseball history in the Sunshine State.
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More newsNot just the East's beasts
??HBT Extra: With another season under the belt of Stephen Strasburg and Bryce Harper, Craig?Calcaterra says the Nationals are primed not only to become the best team in the NL East, but also the best in baseball.
Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/51344024/ns/sports-baseball/
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Swedish scientist to lead Syria chemical weapons probe
By Louis Charbonneau and Michelle Nichols
UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has named Swedish scientist Ake Sellstrom to head a U.N. investigation into allegations that chemical weapons were used in Syria, Ban's spokesman said on Tuesday.
"He is an accomplished scientist with a solid background in disarmament and international security," U.N. spokesman Martin Nesirky said.
The United Nations said last week it would investigate Syrian allegations that rebels used chemical arms in an attack near the northern city of Aleppo, but Western countries sought a probe of all claims about the use of such arms, including rebel charges that government forces used them.
If an investigation adds credibility to the rebels' claims that the government has used chemical weapons, it would represent another blow to Bashar al-Assad's efforts to retain power. If it turned out the rebels have used them, it could make countries even more reluctant to support the opposition.
It was not immediately clear who else would be on Sellstrom's team. Russia said on Monday that Russian and Chinese experts should be part of the investigation, but Moscow's U.N. Ambassador Vitaly Churkin said on Tuesday that Russia would "most likely not" be represented.
Sellstrom was a chief inspector for UNSCOM, the U.N. inspection team that investigated and dismantled Iraq's biological and chemical weapons programs in the 1990s.
Sellstrom also worked with UNMOVIC, the U.N. group that returned to Iraq in 2002 and found no solid evidence that Baghdad had revived its weapons-of-mass-destruction programs before the 2003 U.S.-led invasion as Washington and London alleged at the time.
Nesirky said Sellstrom's investigation would be a technical, not a criminal, investigation, looking at whether chemical weapons were used and not at who may have used them.
U.S. and European officials say there is no evidence of a chemical weapons attack, but the allegations of the rebels are worth taking seriously. If one were to be confirmed, it would be the first use of such weapons in the two-year-old Syrian conflict, which the United Nations says has cost 70,000 lives.
France and Britain wrote to Ban on Thursday to draw his attention to rebel allegations of an attack near Damascus, as well as one in Homs in late December. The rebels blame Syria's government for those incidents as well as the Aleppo attack.
EXPANDING THE INVESTIGATION?
Ban made clear on Thursday that the investigation would initially focus on the Aleppo incident, in which the government and rebels accuse each other of firing a missile laden with chemicals, killing 26 people.
But he has left open the possibility that the investigation could be broadened. In a letter to the Security Council on Friday, Ban said he had asked Britain, France and Syria for further information on the other alleged chemical attacks "with a view to verifying any alleged use of chemical weapons in Syria."
Britain's U.N. Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant told reporters on Tuesday that he has provided Ban's office with "further information" about the alleged chemical attacks in Syria. He declined to provide details.
The suggestion that the investigation may go beyond the Aleppo attack has infuriated Russia. Security Council diplomats told Reuters on condition of anonymity that the Russian U.N. mission went so far as to ask Ban to withdraw his Friday letter.
Russia's U.N. mission had no response on Monday when asked to comment on the alleged request that Ban withdraw his letter. Russian Ambassador Vitaly Churkin said on Monday that the Anglo-French call for a broader investigation was an attempt to "delay and possibly derail" the U.N. probe.
Russia has criticized Western and Arab calls for Assad to leave power and, together with China, has blocked three U.N. Security Council resolutions meant to pressure him to end violence. It has also differed with the West over which side was to blame for alleged massacres and other atrocities in Syria.
A member of the Syrian opposition said Sellstrom's investigation would not be hindered by the rebels.
"We can guarantee him (Sellstrom) safe passage in the areas where the incidents took place in northern Syria," Wael Merza, an adviser to the Syrian coalition's new interim Prime Minister Ghassan Hitto, told Reuters on sidelines of an Arab summit in Doha.
Merza said there were at least two known cases where they suspect chemical weapons were used by forces loyal to Assad.
(Additional reporting by Yara Bayoumy in Doha; Editing by Cynthia Osterman and David Brunnstrom)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/swedish-scientist-head-u-n-syria-chemical-weapons-000056015.html
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সোমবার, ২৫ মার্চ, ২০১৩
Nissan and Gibson Combine Forces with NV200 Mobile Guitar ...
Two Tennessee based companies partner on co branded Gibson Nissan NV200 Compact Cargo debuting at the 2013 New York International Auto Show
Gibson and Nissan have combined their respective expertise in professional music and practical, small business vehicles to create the Gibson NV200 Mobile Repair & Restoration Van. The van acts as a mobile guitar repair shop, serving the needs of both working musicians and casual pickers and can service major music markets or locales where guitar players congregate, such as major music festivals, concerts, recording studios or even private homes.
?The NV200 Compact Cargo van?s small footprint makes it ideal for maneuvering in tight places, which is perfect for both urban music venues and crowded outdoor concerts where space is at a premium,? said Gibson CEO Henry Juszkiewicz. ?The large cargo bay with standard integrated mounting points and available cargo hooks help make the vehicle configurable and customizable to suit the needs of a working guitar technician.?
Class-leading combined fuel economy of 24 mpg*, provided by a 131-horsepower 2.0-liter inline 4-cylinder engine matched with an efficient Xtronic CVT transmission, further increases the road-worthy appeal of a vehicle that can log as many miles as the typical touring band.
?The Nissan NV200 Compact Cargo van is perfect for small businesses, entrepreneurs and dreamers,? said Joe Castelli, vice president, Commercial Vehicles and Fleet, Nissan North America. ?By partnering with Gibson on the NV200 Mobile Repair & Restoration Van, we?re showing the ultimate expression of what can be done with this vehicle for those with a viable business concept, a little creativity and with a starting price of $19,990**, an appreciation of great value. As this is a van meant for trades, vocations and working people, we couldn?t be more excited than to see it put to good use in the hands of some of the most skilled craftsmen in the world.?
The Gibson NV200 Mobile Repair & Restoration Van, built by Nissan, is an extension of both Gibson Pro Audio and Gibson?s fabled Repair & Restoration shop, based in Nashville, Tenn. This facility is where the best and brightest guitar builders go to ply their craft for one of the oldest and most-respected guitar companies.
As the Repair & Restoration shop fixes and customizes guitars owned by both the top professional musicians in the world and passionate enthusiasts, the Gibson NV200 Compact Cargo acts as a quick response support vehicle for professional and part-time musicians in need of timely repairs, as well as serving as an educational tool to the public representing the art of guitar building and repair, or luthiery.
NV200 Compact Cargo provides 122.7 cubic feet of cargo space behind the front seats and a 53-inch cargo height, which is comparable to many standard roof full-size vans. It also offers tall cargo door openings ? including the standard 40/60-split rear doors ? and a low load floor height of 19.5 inches. Payload capacity is rated at 1,500 pounds (S model).
This capability plays right into the heart of the vehicle ? a pullout bench that features an array of luthier?s tools such as calipers, scale rulers, fret files, fret pullers, different types of sandpaper, super glue, wood glue, tuning forks, a radius planer, various guitar parts (strings, tuning machines, frets, nuts, bridges, knobs, linseed oil, potentiometers, pickups), pliers, screw drivers and a soldering station. Luthiers can either extend this bench to the lip of the NV200 to work on instruments or guide in on its pair of casters to a separate location to perform repair or setup work on guitars.
Located directly behind the front seat is a custom rack that holds up to four guitars in various stages of repair and disrepair. The cockpit has been customized to evoke Gibson?s classic designs with wood veneers in the dashboard that evoke classic Gibson materials such as mahogany and flamed maple and special leather-appointed seats.
Gibson Pro Audio is also represented throughout the vehicle with a custom audio system provided by Onkyo, Gibson Pro Audio consumer electronics? brand.
The vehicle is sheathed in a full body wrap that reads, ?Gibson Repair & Restoration? on one side, and ?Gibson Pro Audio? on the other. The wrap also contains images of classic Gibson stringed instruments and Gibson Pro Audio products such as speakers made by Cerwin-Vega! and KRK and Onkyo- and Stanton-branded headphones.
Castelli explains, ?Gibson and Nissan are both Tennessee-based companies that build products worthy of consumer passion yet suitable for everyday use. We?ve sought a way to combine forces for many years now, and the introduction of the 2013 NV200 Compact Cargo van gives us the perfect opportunity to do so. Working with Gibson has been a dream come true for many of us here at Nissan, and we look forward to the next steps collaborating with them.?
The Gibson NV200 Repair & Restoration Van made by Nissan will debut on March 27th at the 2013 New York International Auto Show.
Tags: nissan gibson van
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Building a home - Cloth Diapers & Parenting Community ...
Building a home
My husband and I are thinking of buying some land here in central FL, specifically Lakeland/Polk County and building a small/minimalist home, under 1,000 sq ft. We have just started thinking and looking into our options and it's kinda overwhelming. Anyone have any tips/suggestions/etc for us? So far we know of modular homes, having a custom home built, and I just learned of yurts a few minutes ago.
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Source: http://www.diaperswappers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=1502868
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বুধবার, ১৩ মার্চ, ২০১৩
How to Score an Epic Movie Trailer
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When a clique shifts the workload, it's time to see HR ? Business ...
Q: "My supervisor has created a 'good old girls' network in our office. Her favored employees are allowed to take long coffee breaks, make personal calls, spend time on the Internet, and run errands during office hours.
"The four outsiders are denied these privileges. Instead, we are given extra assignments and receive little help with our problems. The supervisor even gossips about us to people in the 'in-group'. This unfair treatment is creating a lot of resentment.
"Some outsiders want to take this issue to the human resources manager. Do you think he could help?"
A: Only a highly immature supervisor would allow herself to become part of a clique in her own work group, so your childish boss clearly needs leadership coaching. If the HR manager could provide some, meeting with him might be a good idea.
To increase your odds of being taking seriously, encourage all the ?outsiders? to participate in this discussion. Explain that standards are being applied inconsistently and that your supervisor?s exclusionary behavior is creating a rift among co-workers.
Then suggest some specific action steps. For example, you might recommend an evaluation of how work assignments are made or propose some training for your supervisor. Even if the HR manager has other ideas, he should still appreciate your solution-oriented attitude.
If this intervention works, you may eventually have a better boss. But if not, you will at least have made management aware of the problem.
If you're thinking of complaining about your manager, read this first: Should You Complain About Your Boss?
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FoodBev.com | Opinion | The 30 biggest food and drink acquisitions ...
There are not so many transactions for the bevblog.net database in February, but two were very large indeed.
The biggest was the $28,000m takeover of Heinz by Warren Buffett?s Berkshire Hathaway and Brazil?s 3G. The other was a $2,900m deal between Constellation Brands and Anheuser-Busch InBev in order to satisfy US regulatory authorities about the previously announced $20,100m Anheuser-Busch InBev purchase of Modelo in Mexico.
Among February?s total of 30, nine were in alcohol, five in equipment and packaging, four in dairy, three in soft drinks and three in ingredients.
17 countries participated, led as ever by the US on 16 and followed by the UK on four, then Canada, France and Italy on three each.
The full list is available in a searchable database by clicking here.
Source: http://www.foodbev.com/opinion/the-30-biggest-food-and-drink-acquisitio
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Long to-do list awaits the next pope
VATICAN CITY (AP) ? The moment Cardinal Albino Luciani learned his colleagues had elected him pope, he responded: "May God forgive you for what you've done." The remark, by the man who became Pope John Paul I, was seen as an expression of humility ? but also a commentary on the mammoth task ahead.
There is no job like that of pope. He is the CEO of a global enterprise, head of state, a moral voice in the world and, in the eyes of Roman Catholics, Christ's representative on earth.
And the man who emerges as pontiff from the conclave starting Tuesday has a particularly crushing to-do list.
Here are some of the challenges awaiting the next pope:
___
REFORM: The next pope will have to restore discipline to the scandal-plagued central administration of the church. Benedict XVI, the former pope, commissioned a report on the Vatican bureaucracy, or Curia, that will be shown only to his successor. Benedict's butler had leaked the pope's private papers revealing feuding, corruption and cronyism at the highest levels of administration. The secretive Vatican bank recently ousted a president for incompetence and is under pressure for greater financial transparency. Bishops in several countries say nonresponsive Vatican officials are hampering local churches. The Curia decides everything from bishop appointments and liturgy, to parish closings and discipline for abusive priests.
___
SEX ABUSE: The Vatican remains under pressure to reveal more about its past role in the church's failures to protect children worldwide. The issue erupted ahead of the conclave, when victims from the U.S., Chile and Mexico pressured cardinals to recuse themselves because they had shielded priests from prosecution. Benedict instructed bishops around the world to craft policies to keep abusers from the priesthood, but church leaders in some nations haven't yet complied. "There's still the victims," Chicago Cardinal Francis George said in a news conference last week. "The wound is still deep in their hearts, and as long as it's with them it will be with us. The pope has to keep this in mind."
___
EMPTY PEWS: Secularism has already taken a toll on churches in Europe and the U.S., where a growing number of people don't identify with a faith. The move away from organized religion is also hurting parishes in Latin America. Churches in Brazil and other predominantly Catholic countries in South America already had been losing members to the spirited worship found in independent Pentecostal movements. As the church loses members, it also loses influence in public life in many countries. Church opposition to same-sex marriage has been largely ineffective in the West. The next pope must be a missionary-in-chief, with the gravitas, charisma and personal holiness to bring Catholics back to church.
___
EMPTY PULPITS: Europe and North America need more priests. Clergy in developing countries need more resources. And everywhere, priests are struggling with the outsized burdens of the modern-day pastor. The job requires fundraising, personal counseling and an ability to uphold doctrine, often to Catholics who don't want to listen. The abuse crisis, meanwhile, casts a shadow on today's clergy, even though most known molestation cases occurred decades ago. In recent years, some priests have made their own proposals to strengthen their ranks. Clergy in heavily Catholic Austria in 2011 called for ordaining women and relaxing the celibacy requirement. Benedict rebuked them.
___
RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION: Catholics and other Christians live as religious minorities in many countries, including Syria, India and China, where they face discrimination, government interference and, in many cases, violence as they try to practice their faith. The issue is a rare one that unites religious leaders across faiths. The pope is considered a key voice in the fight. Some of the tougher conditions are in Muslim nations, which often ban and punish Christian evangelizing. Addressing the issue requires utmost diplomacy; a misstep can cost lives.
___
GLOBALIZATION: While the church is shrinking in the West, it's booming in Africa and Asia. The new pope will have to shift much of his attention to the challenges for these relatively new dioceses: a life-and-death fight against poverty; threats from radical Muslim movements; and maintaining Catholic orthodoxy while leaving room for local styles of worship.
___
OTHER FAITHS: The new pope will have to keep up friendships with a long list of other Christian groups and other religions, including Orthodox Christians, Anglicans and Jews. But his most pressing task will be navigating relations with Islam. The importance of the issue was made starkly clear in the fallout from Benedict's 2006 speech in Regensburg, Germany, in which he cited the words of a Byzantine emperor who characterized some teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as "evil and inhuman." Benedict made many efforts to mend fences, including praying beside an imam that same year at the historic Blue Mosque in Istanbul.
___
UNITY: The next pontiff inherits a church divided over the role of lay people and women, on doctrine and social justice teaching ? even on what is required to be considered Catholic. In Benedict's final audience with cardinals, he urged them to work "like an orchestra" where "agreement and harmony" can be reached despite diversity. He could have been talking to the whole church.
_____
Follow Rachel Zoll at www.twitter.com/rzollAP
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/heavy-workload-awaits-next-pope-church-turmoil-164626575.html
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মঙ্গলবার, ১২ মার্চ, ২০১৩
Celebrities Share Their Least Favorite Body Parts
Celebrities Share Their Least Favorite Body Parts
Almost every person in the world has a few things they’d like to change about themselves and celebrities are no different. These stars may look flawless in movies, on television, and in the glossy pages of magazines but they have insecurities just like us normal folks! We are going to take a look at what ...
Celebrities Share Their Least Favorite Body Parts Stupid Celebrities Gossip Stupid Celebrities Gossip News
Source: http://stupidcelebrities.net/2013/03/celebrities-share-their-least-favorite-body-parts/
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Jury convicts ex-Detroit Mayor Kilpatrick of racketeering
MANCHESTER, England, March 10 (Reuters) - Chelsea manager Rafael Benitez accused his Manchester United counterpart Alex Ferguson of failing to shake hands before their FA Cup quarter-final on Sunday in the latest chapter in their fractious relationship. The teams drew 2-2 after Chelsea, who conceded two early goals, launched a strong second-half fightback to recover from two goals down and earn a replay. Benitez said he had waited before the match to greet Ferguson but that the Scot, with whom he traded many jibes in his days as manager of United's arch-rivals Liverpool, had walked past him. ...
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/jury-convicts-ex-detroit-mayor-kwame-kilpatrick-racketeering-143924128.html
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সোমবার, ১১ মার্চ, ২০১৩
Before the conclave, horse-trading for power has begun
VATICAN CITY (AP) ? The Vatican insists that the cardinals participating in the upcoming conclave will vote their conscience, each influenced only by silent prayers and reflection. Everybody knows, however, that power plays, vested interests and Machiavellian maneuvering are all part of the game, and that the horse-trading is already under way.
Can the fractious Italians rally behind a single candidate? Can the Americans live up to their surprise billing as a power broker? And will all 115 cardinals from around the world be able to reach a meeting of minds on whether the church needs a people-friendly pope or a hard-edged manager able to tame Vatican bureaucrats?
This time there are no star cardinals and no big favorites, making the election wide open and allowing the possibility of a compromise candidate should there be deadlock.
While deliberations have been secret, there appear to be two big camps forming that have been at loggerheads in the run-up to the conclave.
One, dominated by the powerful Vatican bureaucracy called the Curia, is believed to be seeking a pope who will let it continue calling the shots as usual. The speculation is that the Curia is pushing the candidacy of Brazilian Odilo Scherer, who has close ties to the Curia and would be expected to name an Italian insider as Secretary of State ? the Vatican No. 2 who runs day-to-day affairs at the Holy See.
Another camp, apparently spearheaded by American cardinals, is said to be pushing for a reform-minded pope with the strength to shake up the Curia, tarnished by infighting and the "Vatileaks" scandal in which retired Pope Benedict XVI's own butler leaked confidential documents to a journalist. These cardinals reportedly want Milan archbishop Angelo Scola as pope, as he is seen as having the clout to bring the Curia into line.
The other key question to resolve is whether the pope should be a "pastoral" one ? somebody with the charisma and communication skills to attract new members to a dwindling flock ? or a "managerial" one capable of a church overhaul in a time of sex-abuse scandals and bureaucratic disarray.
It's hard to find any single candidate who fits the bill on both counts.
Italy has the largest group of cardinal electors with 28, and believes it has a historic right to supply the pope, as it did for centuries. Italians feel it's time to have one of their own enthroned again after 35 years of "foreigners," with the Polish John Paul II and the German Benedict.
But Italians are divided by which Italian church groups they have been affiliated with, and which leaders they follow. A dispute that pitted the followers of the archbishops of Genoa and Florence is said to have cost them the papacy in 1978 after 455 years of Italian popes.
Andrea Riccardi, a founder of the Sant Egidio community and minister of cooperation in the Italian government, says Italian cardinals should get the first look.
"The pope is bishop of Rome," Riccardi said. "Only if the selection of an Italian becomes impractical should it be the case to look in another direction."
From one point of view, the Italians have already suffered a setback. The selection of Tuesday for the conclave to begin is considered a victory for the "foreigners" who had sought more time to get to know get to know one another amid pressures to begin voting as early as Sunday.
And the leading Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera, which polled experts on Saturday, found Boston Cardinal Sean O'Malley topped their list of papal favorites ? ahead of both Scherer and Scola.
Two other Americans ? Cardinal Timothy Dolan of New York and Cardinal Donald Wuerl of Washington ? also emerged as potential popes in the survey. That was a surprise since Americans had largely been written off because of potential negative perceptions of electing a superpower pope. Vatican watchers have also noted that an American pope would likely have difficulty dealing with anti-Christian violence and persecution in the Islamic world.
But there are 11 American cardinal-electors, second in number only to the Italians, and they are being talked up for their perceived managerial skills.
The American reputation may have been boosted by the Vatican's decision to silence their daily pre-conclave news conferences. The American eagerness for transparency has been well received among Catholics ? and cast in sharp contrast to the secrecy-prone Italians.
There is one more camp, which presumably commands enough votes to influence the election.
It is the "Benedict faction," the 67 voting cardinals who owe their red hat and presence in the conclave to the most recent pope. They make up more than half of the voters.
Their loyalty to Benedict could damage the ambitions of any cardinal thought to have damaged his papacy and been part of the "divisions" that Benedict lamented in his final addresses.
Who might that be? Their names are presumably listed in a secret report prepared for Benedict about the "Vatileaks" scandal.
Only a few people have seen that report. None of the cardinals who will be voting are among them.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/conclave-horse-trading-begun-162734580.html
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Advice For A Successful Web Design Strategy | Content for Reprint
Word Count: 990 Date:
Learning about good web design techniques is important if you want to make building and running successful websites easier. It is through good design practices that your site becomes more appealing and easy to use, which makes it attractive to visitors. Not only will this entice new visitors, but it will make them repeat viewers as well. This article may help you create a more successful website.
Getting help in designing your website isn't a failure. Web design includes web programming, interface design, creating content, as well as search engine optimization. Getting help shouldn't be embarrassing, everyone needs it - even the experts! If you are not comfortable working on a certain aspect of your site, consider hiring a professional to offer assistance.
There are newsletters that you can sign up for, which will keep you informed about web designing. These are good to get you back on track if you lose sight of your goals, and motivate you to get on the right path. Whether designers are well-versed in web design or just getting started, they are likely to find helpful information.
Hosting your own site may not be a wise idea, regardless of how much money you have to invest. You should do the design all by yourself (or as much of it as you possibly can), but allowing another person to be the keeper of your site will let you be free and will allow you to have your mind on different things and not just the site's security and safety.
Draw a few sketches of possible looks for your website. Use these sketches to conduct focus groups and see if there is a pattern to the changes people suggest you implement before opening your site to the public.
Though it's tempting to go all out with design elements, remember that many who visit your site are actually looking for valuable information. Keep your site simple and easy to navigate, and only include positive, relevant content and information. The more simple the page, the quicker it will load.
Free web hosting is not always the best bet for commercial sites; over time, it may lead to problems. Although everyone likes to hear that something is free, there really is no such thing. Though you won't pay for the hosting in dollars, your site will suffer when it is constantly crowded with advertisements that you have absolutely no control over. Not only can these ads conflict with your site's design and your business's philosophy, they will lose you a good number of potential customers who are unwilling to sift through them.
Error check, or validate, your web pages to avoid problems. If you use an WYSIWYG editor, your code is not clean. When using those programs, it's important to take the extra step and validate your code through a validation service. Go to the WWW Consortium website to validate your pages for free.
The more you practice and learn, web design will be easier and more comfortable for you. Try some easy web pages with C+ and HTML to learn the basics. Practice has to start sometime, so get to it sooner than later.
Keep your site fresh and up-to-date, and promptly remove any outdated content. Failing to update your page with current information and upcoming events will cost you in terms of site visitors. Visitors want to visit sites that have the most up-to-date information, and leaving up outdated information shows that you are not committed to that. Set a review schedule to update content and remove items that are no longer useful.
If you are determined to purchase a particular domain name, but discover that it is already in use, you should visit some auction sites that sell used domain names, for example Sedo. These sites are clearinghouses for outstanding domain names that are now unused or have been sold which you can now pick up for comparatively little money.
Be very critical of the fonts you choose. The font is one of the first items people notice when coming to a site. Overly ornate or obscure fonts should be avoided, as they may not display properly on site visitors' computers. If your reader doesn't have the font you require, their browser will substitute a default font instead, possibly throwing the layout of your entire page off. The results are uncontrollable and often unattractive.
If you intend to design and create more websites in the future, it will be beneficial to learn how to work with multiple platforms. Your future efforts will be more productive the sooner you learn platforms like Java, PHP, and MySQL. Whether you are designing a new site, or simply helping a friend launch his or her own, a wide variety of experience will help you.
You should always be ready and willing to learn new things during the process of designing your website. After you conquer one skill in web design, move on to the next one. While this will take time, it will be worth it in the end when you know enough to create site after site.
Have you considered writing a newsletter? When a customer can get frequently updated on things, they will keep visiting to see more. Put your sign up form on your site's sidebar to keep track of how many people sign up. Only send out a newsletter to people who have subscribed to it, otherwise you will have angry customers.
With the information from above in hand, you are prepared to take the beginning steps to create your website. Develop a budget, get some good advice, and start drawing up your plans. If you get started as soon as possible, it will be easier to build an efficient, visually striking website.
Starting a home based business to earn income online takes a significant amount of time and energy upfront to get things going. Not seeing results immediately can be discouraging and cause people to give up too early. In this article, we look at the process of starting a home based business and working through the frustrations to be there when the sales come flowing in.
Being an entrepreneur and earning multiple streams of income is a dream that many have, but in reality it does take some initial hard work to achieve this. Earning multiple streams of income is the wave of the future, and here are some tips and advice for you when you are looking for ways in which to do this for yourself.
Cyber marketing has now become an indispensable segment of e-commerce as well as the internet and World Wide Web related topics. Cyber marketing simply refers to a technique of attracting potential customers by advertising your products or services through such means as websites, emails, and banners.
Businesses go to so much trouble when there is one sure-fire, simple, very inexpensive way to attract new clients to a business: Teach a free class. That is what article marketing is like. Your articles are just like free classes. You teach your target readers something helpful in your article. Your resource box then says, "If you enjoyed this article you can visit my website and apply what you have learned."
If you want your SEO to work you now need to concentrate on appeasing Google Panda, and to do this you need to know what Google Panda's spiders/bots will be looking for. Find out here how to search engine optimise your website for the latest Google Panda algorithm, and achieve the success you deserve.
Source: http://www.content4reprint.com/internet-marketing/advice-for-a-successful-web-design-strategy.htm
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iHeartRadio slips local news into streams, hopefully without the used car ads
The advent of internet radio let many of us tune into music we never would have heard without packing our bags for a trip. However, it often keeps us isolated from events just outside our door -- a disconnect that Clear Channel wants to end through its newly launched Add-Ins for iHeartRadio streams. Check the right boxes and hourly local news, traffic and weather will appear between tracks, whether for the nearest city or a manually chosen favorite. Add-Ins don't have much mystery involved as a result, but they could keep us grounded in the real world... minus some of the all-too-real commercials.
Filed under: Internet
Source: iHeartRadio
Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/03/11/iheartradio-slips-local-news-into-streams/
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Jimi Hendrix's 'People, Hell and Angels': Posthumous Album Set For A Strong Debut
"People, Hell and Angels," a new posthumous album from music legend Jimi Hendrix, is set to be the deceased rocker's biggest album since his 1968 smash hit, "Electric Ladyland."
While "Electric Ladyland" hit No. 1 on the Billboard 200, "People, Hell and Angels" is set to debut at No. 2.
The 12-track "People, Hell and Angels" was produced by Eddie Kramer, Hendrix's former sound manager. The album features tracks that were recorded to serve as a follow-up to "Electric Ladyland," including the recently released single, "Somewhere."
Billboard reports that "People, Hell and Angels" is on track to sell 70,000 copies. The rock album will likely come in second to Luke Bryan's latest album, "Spring Break... Here to Party," which is projected to take the No. 1 spot.
Hendrix and Bryan will be joined at the top of Billboard's chart by Josh Groban, Bruno Mars, and Tim McGraw, among others.
For more, head over to Billboard.
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/10/jimi-hendrix-people-hell-and-angels-debut_n_2848208.html
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Kolkata or Calcutta is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly river, it is the commercial, cultural, and educational center of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi, a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and socioeconomic problems. So do visit Kolkata once in your life, so plan your trip to Kolkata by "makemytrip" once
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রবিবার, ১০ মার্চ, ২০১৩
Jeb Bush: Political reporters are 'crack addicts'
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush on Sunday likened political reporters to "crack addicts" and "heroin addicts" during a tour of morning talk shows that drew repeated questions about the still-distant 2016 presidential election.
Bush, capping a media-heavy week that sparked chatter about a presidential campaign for a third member of his family, tried to keep the conversation focused on his book "Immigration Wars." But as Bush wrapped up a conversation with NBC's David Gregory," he likened journalists and their questions about the 2016 campaign to drug addicts.
"Who's the hottest Florida politician right now? Is it you or Marco Rubio?" Gregory asked, referring to Rubio, a senator who is also a potential GOP contender. "Who are we more likely to see in the White House?"
"Man, you guys are crack addicts. You really are obsessed with all this politics," Bush replied.
The "Meet the Press" host interrupted, saying he'd been called a lot of things, but never a crack addict.
"OK, heroin addict. Is that better?" shot back Bush, the son of former President George H.W. Bush and brother of former President George W. Bush.
"We've got big challenges, and Marco Rubio, to his credit, is working on those. And he deserves a lot of credit for it, and I'm very proud of him," Jeb Bush said of his potential rival.
After Bush left the Florida governor's office in 2007, some urged him to jump into the 2012 race against President Barack Obama. But his brother's low approval ratings could have dragged him down, and there seemed little interest in a national campaign.
But with Republicans looking for a new message and messenger, Jeb Bush is signaling he's open to the possibility.
"I'm not saying yes. I'm just not saying no," Bush told NBC News last week.
Speaking Sunday on CNN's "State of the Union," Bush said, "When you asked me before 2012 ? Was I going to run in 2012? ? and I said no, I went through the process and decided it wasn't appropriate."
"Now, I've decided to defer any consideration of it until the proper time to make those kind of considerations, which is out, you know, more than a year from now, for sure," he said.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/jeb-bush-political-reporters-crack-addicts-191136139--election.html
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শনিবার, ৯ মার্চ, ২০১৩
Reports: US Cybersecurity Firewalls Built on Shaky Foundations
A pair of new reports suggest that despite repeated attempts by the Obama administration to beef up U.S. cybersecurity, the nation is not ready to handle a major attack, and government agencies lag far behind deadlines for showing security improvements. Those conclusions are reached by the Office of Management and Budget and the Defense Science Board Task Force.
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Google To Cut 1,200 More Jobs At Motorola - Careers Articles
NEW YORK -- Google is cutting an additional 1,200 jobs in its Motorola division as the unprofitable cellphone maker struggles to compete. Last summer, Google Inc. announced 4,000 Motorola job cuts. The latest reductions are in addition to those and will be in countries including the U.S., China and India.
"These cuts are a continuation of the reductions we announced last summer," Google spokeswoman Niki Fenwick said in an email. When Mountain View, Calif.-based Google bought Motorola last year for $12.4 billion, it had about 20,000 employees.
The online search leader also expects to pare jobs at the division with a planned $2.35 billion sale of the Motorola set-top business, which has about 7,000 employees. Google had about 53,000 employees as of late September.
Google bought Motorola primarily for its 17,000 patents, bolstering the company in the mobile device arms race with other technology companies. The cellphone business has lost market share to Apple and Samsung, however, and posted operating losses of $1.1 billion since Google completed the Motorola deal in May.
Analysts have been concerned that adding a phone manufacturing business could hurt Google's profitability and potentially alienate the other device makers that use Google's Android mobile operating system. Samsung, HTC and other phone makers run Android. Apple and BlackBerry have their own systems.
The Wall Street Journal reported the Motorola job cuts in Friday's editions.
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more...Source: http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2013/03/08/google-cuts-1200-motorola-jobs/
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Global temperature rise is fastest in at least 11,000 years, study says
The study, which also found the magnitude of the global temperature rise to be unmatched in 4,000 years, suggests that the current warming trend cannot be explained by naturally occurring temperature fluctuations.
Man-made snow coats a ski run next to barren ground under a chairlift at Shawnee Peak ski area in Bridgton, Maine, Jan. 2012. Over the past century, global average temperatures appear to have risen faster than at any time since the end of the last ice age 11,300 years ago, and perhaps longer.
Robert F. Bukaty/AP
EnlargeOver the past century, global average temperatures appear to have risen faster than at any time since the end of the last ice age 11,300 years ago, and perhaps longer. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the increase has been unmatched in at least the past 4,000 years.
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Researchers say those are the implications of a new study that uses natural stand-ins for thermometers to trace temperature trends back to the beginning of the current warm, interglacial period. Significantly, the study?s findings suggest the current warming trend cannot be explained by some forms of naturally occurring temperature variability, a lingering issue in the debate over the impact of human activity on global warming. [Editor's note: The reference to temperature variability has been revised.]
The main trigger for the current warming trend, especially since the middle of the last century, has been rising emissions of heat-trapping carbon dioxide as people burn fossil fuels and change land-use patterns, researchers say.
Although other so-called paleoclimate records reach farther back into geological time, the team focused on the Holocene epoch, in which human civilizations emerged and evolved.
"To our knowledge, based on this reconstruction, the rate of change today is unprecedented" in the Holocene, says Shaun Marcott, an atmospheric scientist at Oregon State University who led a team formally reporting the results in Friday's issue of the journal Science. Indeed, it may be unprecedented in the past 22,000 years, he adds, when previous paleoclimate research he and his colleagues have conducted is taken into account.
Other researchers have focused on the Holocene as well, notably Michael Mann, a Penn State University climatologist, and his colleagues. But their reconstructions have taken the record back only about 1,500 years.
The new work, using different thermometer stand-ins, or proxies, not only reaches results similar to these previous efforts covering the recent past. It also accounts for natural variations in climate over longer time scales in ways that suggest rising temperatures will exceed the range of natural fluctuations. The long-term variations would include changes in Earth?s orbit, for instance.
Based on the reconstructed temperatures records,?natural variability over the study's time span accounts for roughly 1 degree C from coldest to warmest compared with the current climate, observes David Anderson, branch chief for the Paleoclimate Program in at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Climatic Data Center office in Boulder, Colo.
"If you go grab the mount of warming expected just within the next 80 years, that's more like 3 degrees," says Dr. Anderson, who was not a member of the study team ? three times the change one would expect from natural variability alone, and all in the warm direction.
According to the reconstruction, global average temperatures increased by about 0.6 degrees Celsius (1 degree Fahrenheit) from 11,300 to 9,500 years ago. Temperatures remained relatively constant for about 4,000 years. From about 4,500 years ago to roughly 100 years ago, global average temperatures cooled by 0.7 degrees C.
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